Endocrine Abstracts

Management of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) depends on the severity and activity of the disease. Guidelines for the management of GO have recently been published by EUGOGO (European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy) (European Thyroid Journal 2016 5 9–26). Assessment of GO by standardized criteria is fundamental to determine the type of intervention. General measures for all patients with GO, irrespective of the degree of severity and activity, i...

Extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves’ disease include eye disease (Graves’ ophthalmopathy, GO), dermopathy (also known as pretibial myxedema) and nail changes (acropachy). While about 50% of Graves’ patients are affected with mild to moderately severe GO, dermopathy is present only in 1–4% of cases, and acropachy in 0.1–0.4%.Management of GO represents a complex and unresolved problem, and the treatment outcome is frequently u...

The ideal treatment of hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease (GD), an autoimmune disorder ultimately caused by TSH-receptor antibody, would consist of the elimination of disease triggers. Because this is not feasible, current management relies on either thyroid ablation (thyroidectomy and/or radioiodine) inevitably bound to subsequent hypothyroidism, or a conservative approach using antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment. The latter is associated with a high rate (about 40&#15...

Context: Amiodarone is a widely used anti-arrhythmic medication, however associated with a 15-20% rate of thyroid adverse effects. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is a complex disease due to diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic challenges. AIT patients often receive initial therapy for thyrotoxicosis before admission to a referral center. Whether the first-line medical therapy (i.e. therapies for thyrotoxicosis at first diagnosis of AIT) may affect the outcome of AI...

Background: Thyroid carcinoma represents the most frequent form of cancer of the endocrine glands. In Italy, temporal trend shows a significant increase of incidence rates. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common thyroid malignancy. Papillary thyroid carcinoma happens to be a multicentric tumor and trends to spread to the lymph nodes in the early stage of the disease. Thus early diagnosis is vital to improve the outcome for patients with thyroid cancer. The aim of this stu...

Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) may develop in patients with either underlying thyroid disorders (type 1) or normal gland (type 2). The latter is considered a drug-induced destructive thyroditis, usually responding to glucocorticoids. Further treatments after restoring euthyroidism are often not necessary. The former is a true form of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism the management of which includes thionamides, potassium perchlorate and thyrodectomy. The prevalence of t...

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer is a well-differentiated neoplasm and is the most common, accounting for 65–85% of all thyroid cancer. On the other hand, medullary carcinoma represents only 3–12%. The concurrence of distinct medullary and papillary carcinoma within the same thyroid has been sporadically described.Case presentation: We report a rare case of simultaneous sporadic both multicentric medullary and papillary thyroid cancer with ...

Background: Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is a challenging disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The European Thyroid Association guidelines define the role for total thyroidectomy in the management of AIT. However, these recommendations were based on small series, which often lead to heterogeneous results and, importantly, did not identify patients who may benefit from surgery.Materials and methods: Observational longitudi...

Obesity has become one of the greatest public health concerns and is known to be a major risk factor for cardiac, respiratory and metabolic diseases. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity. According with guidelines, surgery is indicated for treatment of patients with BMI greater than 40 kg/m2 or above 35 kg/m2, with at least one obesity-related comorbid condition, such as as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep...

Bariatric surgery is the most-effective treatment for morbid obesity, superior to medical treatment. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a condition characterized by multiple major risk factors for coronary heart disease, diabetes, fatty liver, and several cancers; the main, diagnostic, components of MS are low HDL-cholesterol (<40 mg/dl in man, <50 mg/dl in woman), raised triglycerides (>150 mg/dl), blood pressure >130/85 mmHg, fasting plasma glucose >100 mg/dl and...